Abstract
The aim of the article is to offer readers a list of aspects that recent historiography has worked on in respect of the relationships between Egypt and Mesopotamia through History. Thus, three studies are provided, one for each millennium BC, showing recent discoveries and research carried out during the last decade, and which are leading to a reinterpretation of the topic.
Highlights
One of the problems is that Egyptology and Assyriology are often configured as closed disciplines
The extent to which Mesopotamia, and the cultures of the south (i.e., Sumer), influenced the formation of the Egyptian state has been subject to debate since the start of Egyptology and Assyriology
In Elephantine, we find mainly private and public letters, as well as legal texts, on papyrus; in Babylonia, private legal texts on clay
Summary
The relationships between Egypt and Mesopotamia form an enthralling topic that, since the beginnings of their respective disciplines (Egyptology and Assyriology) in the 19th century, have focused a large part of historical debates. I will present three topics that I personally consider worthy of mention, given the newness of the sources or of the studies, and given the important historical implications they represent for both Egypt and Mesopotamia. There is one per millennium: (1) the original influence of Mesopotamia in the first Egyptian cultures; (2) the importance of new discoveries, relating to concerning the Amarna letters, for our knowledge of the nature of the Egyptian occupation of Syria-Palestine during the Final Bronze Age; and (3) the nature and functioning of the Jewish or Jewish-Aramaean communities of Elephantine compared with those of Babylonia, in line with the discovery of numerous new cuneiform texts generated by the latter
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