New Records of Polymeridium (MüLl.Arg.) R.C.Harris from Brazil with Description of a New Species from the Caatinga, and a Checklist of the Brazilian Species

An updated checklist of the polychaete species described for the Mexican Pacific and an historic review of their study are presented. The taxonomic list includes nomenclature references, data of the type locality and synonyms based on systematic revisions. In the study area, 313 species of polychaetes and 21 genera have been described, of which 278 species are currently valid. Several descriptions (28%) of the valid species failed to indicate the habitat of the type locality. The remaining 199 valid species were described for a large variety of habitats: algae (11 species), mangroves (2), hard bottoms (22), soft bottoms (continental shelf = 65 species; deep sea = 78 species), hydrothermal vents (17), and others (parasites, larval planktonic forms, epitokes) (4). The species descriptions for the Mexican Pacific can be divided into four main periods: the first, during the 1910s, includes mainly Chamberlin’s studies of deep sea fauna. The second, in the 1940s, comprises studies carried out by Rioja (intertidal zone) and Hartman (including specimens from the Allan Hancock Foundation collection). The third period began around the 1970s when Fauchald’s studies were published and 77 currently valid species were described for western Mexico. The fourth period began in the 1980s and continues to date, being characterized by descriptions of species done mainly by Mexican scientists. The differences in the number of species described during each period and for the different regions of the Mexican Pacific are directly related to the sampling effort carried out along these coasts.

The oldest fossils of the spider subfamily Modisiminae from the Americas: Description of a new species of the genus Modisimus Simon (Araneae: Pholcidae) from the amber of Mexico with a checklist of the extant Mexican species

Megalopta (Smith 1853) is a nocturnal and/or crepuscular bee genus, with Neotropical distribution. The present work presents a taxonomic revision of Megalopta with emphasis on the Brazilian species through diagnosis and description of species and an identification key for most species that occur in South and Central America, with figures and distribution maps. Moreover eight new species are described: Megalopta guarani sp. n, M. mura sp. n, M. piraha sp. n, M. munduruku sp. n, M. yanomami sp. n, M. xavante sp. n, M. mapinguari sp. n. and Megalopta karitiana sp. n. Sex association for the male of M. chaperi (Vachal, 1904) is presented. Also we present taxonomical notes of valid species, with designation of lectotypes, new synonymies and checklist of valid species. Now, 32 valid species are recognized for the genus, with 19 in the Brazilian fauna. The present work enables correct identification of the species, which should facilitate further studies with Megalopta.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6DB510C5-259A-4A66-AB36-7745AD4F53E9

Kentucky's crayfish faunal list has undergone considerable changes since the publication of Crayfishes of Kentucky (Taylor and Schuster, 2004). We conducted an in-depth literature review and reviewed collection databases to develop an up-to-date checklist of crayfish species known to occur in Kentucky. Sixty-five crayfish species have been documented from Kentucky to date, including twelve new species described and three state records since 2004. One new species description (Faxonius sp. A. nov. sp.) is currently underway and was included in the species list for future reference. Additionally, we provide information on changes in crayfish taxonomy, crayfish species that may occur in Kentucky, and potential cryptic species where additional research may result in new species being detected. We hope this information provides clarity for researchers and resource managers and encourages additional crayfish research in Kentucky.

The biting midge genus Culicoides contains approximately 1300 species worldwide. Many species are of economic importance either as biting pests of humans or domesticated animals or as vectors of pathogens for these hosts. The Australasian fauna contains a high proportion of undescribed species, most of which have not been formally placed into subgenera. Furthermore, many of the described species have not been revised since their original description and for these species data is lacking for several characters routinely used in modern descriptions, particularly the details of antennal sensilla. Additionally, several species are known only from a single sex. No tools are available to assist workers in recognising species of Australasian Culicoides. No Australasian specimens have undergone genetic analyses either to support specific status, monophyly of groupings or investigations into phylogeography. Using a modern suite of characters, morphological analyses of the known fauna of Australasia, including undescribed species, was used to complete a preliminary subgeneric classification of the Australasian Culicoides fauna. Wing photographs of all recognised species were compiled into a wing picture atlas which also provides a checklist of species and their subgeneric placement accompanied by a table of numerical values of described species. From the subgeneric classification proposed in the wing picture atlas, seven subgeneric groupings viz the Marksi, Bancrofti, Immaculatus, Molestus, Coronalis, Kusaiensis and Imicola groups, were fully revised including a group diagnosis, descriptions of new species, redescriptions of adult males and females and, where necessary, pupae. Species descriptions and group monophyly were supported where possible by COI and CAD molecular data. Included in these revisions are redescriptions of 17 existing species namely Culicoides marksi, C. dycei, C. parvimaculatus, C. pseudostigmaticus, C. immaculatus, C. agas, C. kusaiensis, C. paragarciai, C. leei, C. bancrofti, C. hornsbyensis, C. coronalis, C. molestus, C. subimmaculatus, C. submagnesianus, C. brevitarsis and C. nudipalpis, including a first description of the male of five species, C. bancrofti, C. immaculatus, C. molestus, C. submagnesianus and C. coronalis. Additionally, 12 new species are described being C. zentae, C. kayi, C. shivasi, C. collesi, C. nigritrans, C. balhorni, C. mabelae, C. mindjirri, C. roperi, C. septimus, C. reyei and C. asiatica. COI and/or CAD data are provided to support the specific status of the following 15 species C. immaculatus, C. shivasi, C. coronalis, C. nigritrans, C.molestus, C. reyei, C. balhorni, C. mindjirri, C. mabelae, C. brevitarsis, C. asiaticus, C. nudipalpis, C. kusaiensis, C. leei and C. paragarciai. Morphological analysis of the Marksi group found it to be sufficiently different from existing subgenera to warrant erection as a formal subgenus, C. subg. Marksomyia. Analysis of the remaining groupings found that although they appear to be unique, there is insufficient clarity around the limits of existing subgenera to justify the erection of these groupings as new subgenera. This problem is confounded by the lack of any formal phylogenetic study of the genus to test the monophyly of existing subgenera or the phylogenetic significance of many of the characters used to define subgenera. A combination of COI, CAD and morphological data was, however, useful in supporting the monophyly of the Imicola complex of C. subg. Avaritia and this model could also be useful in testing the monophyly of other groupings. Confirmation of the monophyly of the Imicola complex allowed interpretation of two synapomorphies for this complex, one in the male genitalia and one in the distribution of antennal sensilla of the male. Molecular data was used to associate adult male and female specimens of several species and revealed that specimens morphologically consistent with the male of C. ardentissimus were conspecific with females referable to C. paragarciai. This association required the movement of C. paragarciai from the Ornatus group to the Kusaiensis group and the removal of C.ardentissimus from the Kusaiensis group. Varying degrees of feminisation of the male antenna were observed across species which may be related to mating and swarming behaviour. A correlation was observed between feminisation of the male antenna and the shape of the male wing although the significance of this association is unclear. The structure of the spermathecal ducts was investigated and thedifferences observed may prove useful in future phylogenetic analyses.

The leafhopper genus Tambocerus Zhang Webb is reported from Pakistan for the first time with the description of a new species, Tambocerus bulbulus sp. nov. A species checklist with distribution summary and a key to species for males are provided.

Trichotichnus Morawitz, 1863 is a genus of the subtribe Harpalina, comprising more than 260 species worldwide. In Korea, nine species of the nominotypical subgenus are listed in the Korean catalogue (National Institute of Biological Resources 2019), while seven species of the nominotypical subgenus are listed to occur in Korea according to the Palaearctic catalogue (Kataev and Wrase 2017). Therefore, the checklist of the Korean species of the genus Trichotichnus needs to be revised. In the course of taxonomic studies on Trichotichnus species from Korea, two unrecorded species are identified: Trichotichnus (Bottchrus) nanus and Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus. In addition, the distribution of a poorly known species, T. (T.) miser, is firstly recognized in the southern part of Korea. Along with the description of the newly-recorded species, a checklist of the Korean species of the genus Trichotichnus is revised. As for the checklist, the distribution of T. (Iridessus) lucidus and T. (T.) leptopus in Korea is re-discussed, and T. (T.) leptopus is excluded from the Korean fauna. Lastly, additional distribution records for the following species are provided: T. (I.) lucidus, T. (T.) longitarsis, T. (T.) nishioi, and T. (T.) noctuabundus.

Metacosma Kuznetzov, 1985 is briefly reviewed and its affinities within Eucosmini are discussed. A checklist of species is presented, including a species of questionable generic assignment, M. miratorana Kuznetzov, 1988. One new species, M. echinophora Komai, Byun Yamazaki, is described from Japan and Korea. In Japan this species is a minor pest in pine plantations. Its larva bores into needles and buds of pines (Pinus spp.), forming a resin dome as a shelter. Photographs of the adult, the genitalia of both sexes, and the larval habitat, along with line drawings of the wing venation, the larva, and the pupa are provided.

The bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Mukaria Distant is known to include eight species from China: M. albinotata Cai & Ge, M. bambusana Li & Chen, M. flavida Cai & Ge, M. lii sp. nov., M. maculata (Matsumura), M. nigra Kuoh & Kuoh, M. pallipes Li & Chen and M. testacea Chen, Liang & Li. One new species, M. lii sp. nov. (frp, Guizhou Province, China), is described and illustrated. A checklist of species, host plants and distribution of Mukaria are given along with a key to Chinese species.

Two Issini genera, Sarima Melichar, 1903 and Sarimodes Matsumura, 1916, are examined. One new Sarima species: Sarimabifurcussp. n. and two new Sarimodes species Sarimodesclavatussp. n. and Sarimodesparallelussp. n. are added from South China. A checklist of species in the genus Sarima with data on distribution is provided. The distribution and morphological peculiarities of the genera Sarima and Sarimodes are briefly discussed.

Über das Vorkommen von insgesamt 116 Gallmücken-Arten aus der Unterfamilie Lestremiinae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in den drei ostbaltischen Republiken wird berichtet, im einzelnen sind dies 48 Arten in Estland, 113 in Lettland und 42 in Litauen. Zusätzliche imaginal- morphologische Informationen werden zu folgenden Arten vermittelt: Aprionus barbatus, A. betulae (Beschreibung der Weibchen), A. complicatus, A. inquisitor, A. insignis (Beschreibung der Weibchen), A. laevis, A. onychophorus (einschließlich Beschreibung der Weibchen), A. tiliamcorticis, Lestremia parvostylia (Beschreibung der Weibchen), Monardia (Monardia) monilicornis (einschließlich Beschreibung der Männchen), Neurolyga bilobata (einschließlich Beschreibung der Weibchen) und Peromyia subborealis. Drei Arten werden als neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben: Groveriella baltica sp. n., Heterogenella multifurcata sp. n. und Strobliella brachycornis sp. n.StichwörterDiptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lestremiinae, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, checklist, new species.Nomenklatorische Handlungenbaltica Spungis & Jaschhof, 2000 (Groveriella), spec. n.multifurcata Spungis & Jaschhof, 2000 (Heterogenella), spec. n.brachycornis Spungis & Jaschhof, 2000 (Strobliella), spec. n.

The Chinese fauna of the pselaphine genus Sathytes Westwood (Batrisitae: Batrisini) currently includes 20 species. In this paper, 15 new species from various provinces of the country are described: S. alpicola sp. nov. (Xizang), S. australis sp. nov. (Guangdong, Guangxi), S. chayuensis sp. nov. (Xizang), S. chengzhifeii sp. nov. (Yunnan), S. huapingensis sp. nov. (Guangxi), S. linzhiensis sp. nov. (Xizang), S. maoershanus sp. nov. (Guangxi), S. nujiangensis sp. nov. (Yunnan), S. panzhaohuii sp. nov. (Xizang), S. shennong sp. nov. (Hubei), S. tianquanus sp. nov. (Sichuan), S. transversus sp. nov. (Xizang), S. valentulus sp. nov. (Guangxi), S. xingdoumontis sp. nov. (Hubei) and S. xizangensis sp. nov. (Xizang). New collection records are provided for S. longitrabis Yin & Li, 2012, S. tangliangi Yin & Li, 2012 and S. yunnanicus Yin & Li, 2012. Maps showing the distribution of the genus in China, and an updated checklist of the world species are provided.

Pythium species are cosmopolitan, fungus-like oomycotes which may cause diseases in plants, animals and even human beings. Some of the species, however, are saprophytes and also well-proven biological control agents of plant pathogenic fungi. Since 1968, when the first Pythium species was reported from Iran, ca 44 species, two varieties, and five groups of this genus have been reported from different regions of Iran. Nevertheless, morphological or morphometric characters of only 35 species are more or less described. On the other hand more than 50% of these species have only been reported once. In the course of identification and classification of Pythium taxa in Iran, in addition to general obstacles, there exist some other problems. The lack of identification keys for the species; the absence of comprehensive checklists of the species, their dispersal and matrices; the lack of or the inadequacy of the species descriptions; unillustrated descriptions; generalization about the host names; unspecific geographical locations; unknown isolation matrices; the absence of type specimens in type culture collections; and the overlooking of molecular analyses, especially in the case of phylogenetic species are some of the challenges ahead. In this review, the prospects of future studies on the taxonomy of the Pythium species in Iran and the proposed solutions for the taxonomic challenges are discussed.

The small braconid subfamily, Ichneutinae is one of the least studied groups within the Braconidae. Old world species of the widely distributed ichneutine genus, Paroligoneurus (unknown from the Neotropical region) is revised along with description of a new species, P. harishi Ranjith van Achterberg sp. nov. We reinstate the genera Anaprixia Mason and Muesebeckia Mason based on the following characters; exodont mandibles and absence of spiracles in the alternate tergites (in Anaprixia) and presence of carinae on propodeum and anterior subalar depression with carina (in Muesebeckia). Five species, Paroligoneurus cosmopterygivorus (He, 2000), P. crassicornis (He, 2000), P. flavifacialis (He, 2000), P. sinensis (He, 2000) and P. songyangensis (He, 2000) were described from the Oriental part of China are transferred from Oligoneurus to Paroligoneurus. A taxonomic key to the Old world species Paroligoneurus and a provisional checklist of extant species are provided.

The leafhopper genus Ulopsina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ulopinae) is studied and a new species, Ulopsina bimaculata, from China is described and illustrated. A species checklist and a key to all known species of Ulopsina from China are provided.