Abstract
Ever since the idea arose that melatonin might promote sleep and resynchronize circadian rhythms, many research groups have centered their efforts on obtaining new melatonin receptor ligands whose pharmacophores include an aliphatic chain of variable length united to an N-alkylamide and a methoxy group (or a bioisostere), linked to a central ring. Substitution of the indole ring found in melatonin with a naphthalene or quinoline ring leads to compounds of similar affinity. The next step in this structural approximation is to introduce a quinoxaline ring (a bioisostere of the quinoline and naphthalene rings) as the central nucleus of future melatoninergic ligands.
Highlights
The frequent pathology of sleep disorders has diverse origins
The synthetic route followed for the synthesis of series I is shown in Scheme 1
One of the chlorine atoms of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline was replaced by a methoxy group using sodium methoxide in tetrahydrofuran (THF) leading to compound 1 [40]
Summary
The frequent pathology of sleep disorders has diverse origins. The clinical manifestations vary and may include insomnia, hypersomnia, respiratory disorders, complex motor disorders, etc. These disorders can appear alone or associated to each other, thereby making this a very complex pathology. Insomnia is the most frequent disorder within the general population [1]. The complaints from more than 50% of primary care patients are related to insomnia and an estimated 9 to 18% of the adult population suffers from chronic insomnia [2,3]. In the regulation of the awake-sleep system, a complex neural network is involved, in which different areas of the brain are activated and inhibited, following a circadian rhythm that lasts 24 h
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