Abstract
Previous studies on the removal of airborne particulate matter (PM) by plants have mostly focused on the individual scale, hence there is a lack of systematic understanding of how to improve the PM removal effect of green spaces (GS) at multi-scales. We provide new insights into an integrated model, which integrates the utilization efficiency of vertical space and time into the multi-cycle PM removal model developed in our previous study. By analyzing the variabilities of the influencing factors at different scales, directions to improve this function at multiple scales can be proposed. According to the planning of urban GS, five scales were divided. At the species scale, plants should not only have the characteristics to match the local climate, but also a high utilization efficiency of time and space. At the community scale, increasing the hierarchy and structural complexity can help improve the utilization of vertical space. At the patch and landscape scales, the factor affecting the PM removal efficiency of GS lie in precipitation frequency, and large/small green patches with low/high landscape fragmentation in climates with low/high precipitation frequency are recommended. At the urban scale, it is necessary to increase the degree of temporal and spatial distribution matching between PM and GS. These findings can improve urban GS planning to contribute to the removal of airborne PM.
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