New Pre-reacted Glass Containing Dental Composites (giomers) with Improved Fluoride Release and Biocompatibility.

Loredana Colceriu Burtea,Vasile Prejmerean,Ioana Baldea,Marioara Moldovan,Miuta Filip,Ioana Ambrosie,Cristina Prejmerean,Madalina-Anca Lazar (Moldovan),Doina Prodan,Mihaela Vlassa,Aurora Antoniac

doi:10.3390/ma12234021

Abstract

The aim of the present work was to prepare a series of novel restorative giomers and investigate the morphology, the physico-chemical properties (residual monomer, fluoride release), and the cytotoxicity of the new materials. The experimental giomers were prepared as light-cured pastes by blending different resin matrices comprising aromatic/aliphatic/urethane (di) methacrylates, with hybrid fillers containing pre-reacted glasses (PRGs), a radiopaque glass, and nano fluorhydroxyapatite. Polyalkenoic acids based on acrylic acid/itaconic acid/N-acryloyl -L-leucine modified or not with methacrylic groups, together with a superficially active glass, were used to prepare the PRGs. The fluoride ion release of the experimental giomers was investigated within a period of 60 days of storage in bidistilled water while using a fluoride ion selective electrode. Beautifil II commercial product was used as a reference. Cell cytotoxicity tests were done in vitro, in accordance with ISO 10993-122012 proceedings. Human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical endothelial vein cultures were used. The values that were obtained for cumulative fluoride release for all experimental giomers were higher than for the Beautifil II product, being more than twice the ones that were obtained for the commercial product after 60 days of storage in bidistilled water. The experimental biomaterials showed similar and/or better results when compared to the commercial one; this effect was maintained in all tested conditions.

Highlights

The longevity and biocompatibility, along with the cariostatic effect, are essential in the clinical performance of the current aesthetic dental restorative materials.Materials 2019, 12, 4021; doi:10.3390/ma12234021 www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsFluoride is well-known as an anticariogenic agent, with its most important action being the enhancement of remineralization of incipient caries lesions in enamel [1]
Given the promising results that were obtained in our previous studies, in the present work we propose to prepare a series of novel experimental giomers with increased and prolonged fluoride release and improved biocompatibility
We investigated the surface and fracture morphology of the experimental giomers A1, B1, A2, and A3 to compare it with the one of the commercial product Beautifil II to detect any differences in size, shape, distribution, or amount of the filler particles that could influence the properties of the investigated giomers, in particular the fluoride release and flexural strength

Summary

Introduction

Fluoride is well-known as an anticariogenic agent, with its most important action being the enhancement of remineralization of incipient caries lesions in enamel [1]. The release of fluoride ions from a dental material at the interface with an incipient dental caries leads to the formation of fluorapatite, which is more resistant compound than the hydroxyapatite. The demineralization process decreases and the remineralization process of the incipient caries begins through the formation of fluorapatite [2]. The most intensively studied fluoride-containing restorative materials that are available on the market include the products belonging to the classes of glass ionomer cements (GIC) and resin composites (RC) [3,4]. Conventional glass ionomer cements are materials made of calcium/strontium fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder combined with a polyalkenoic acid (water-soluble polymer) [5,6,7]

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