New phenomena for clinicians, model of Candida albicans mobilization before and after biofilm formation in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Masfufatun Masfufatun,Harsono Wiradinata,Ni'Matuzahroh Ni'Matuzahroh,Putu Oky Ari Tania,Loo Hariyanto Raharjo,Afaf Baktir

doi:10.14202/ijoh.2021.165-170

Masfufatun Masfufatun, Harsono Wiradinata + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2021.165-170

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Abstract

Background and Aim: The virulence and antifungal resistance of Candida albicans are recently known for their ability to form biofilm. This research aimed to construct an in vivo model of C. albicans biofilm in Wistar rats' intestinal mucosa and study their mobilization while in a planktonic and biofilm formation. In this study, there was one treatment group that was treated with three antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and C. albicans. Materials and Methods: This study was divided into control and treatment groups. The data sampling was conducted after C. albicans inoculation. The C. albicans biofilm formation stage was monitored with colony-forming units method calculation every week post-inoculation and then observed by the confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: The planktonic C. albicans overgrowth occurred up to 14 days after inoculation. The formation and maturation of C. albicans biofilm in the intestinal mucosa started in the 28th and 35th-day post-inoculation, respectively. The density of planktonic C. albicans in the stool was dramatically decreased on the 35th day. Before the biofilm formation, the planktonic Candida was carried away by food scraps to be released as a stool. However, there were minuscule or no planktonic Candida observed in the stool during and after biofilm formation. Instead, they were attached to the caecum's mucosa as a biofilm. Conclusion: We have proved that the planktonic C. albicans with its mobile nature were carried into the stool along with the rest of the feed, as we observed a lot of C. albicans cells found in the stool. Meanwhile, on day 28 after administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, no C. albicans was found in the stool samples, and at the same time, we observed C. albicans cells and their matrix attached to the intestinal mucosa as a biofilm.

Highlights

Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, upper respiratory tract, skin, mammals’ genital mucosa, urethra, skin, and tissue under fingernails [1]
We have proved that the planktonic C. albicans with its mobile nature were carried into the stool along with the rest of the feed, as we observed a lot of C. albicans cells found in the stool
On day 28 after administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, no C. albicans was found in the stool samples, and at the same time, we observed C. albicans cells and their matrix attached to the intestinal mucosa as a biofilm

Summary

Introduction

Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, upper respiratory tract, skin, mammals’ genital mucosa, urethra, skin, and tissue under fingernails [1]. These microorganisms could overgrow when there is an imbalance of microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis) in the digestive tract [2]. A biofilm is a group of cells with a certain arrangement and enveloped by an extracellular polymer matrix [9]. Dongari-Bagtzoglou et al [10] reported that the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the filament cells are the characteristics of mucosal biofilm. There was one treatment group that was treated with three antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and C. albicans

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