New Perspectives in the Use of Biomaterials for Periodontal Regeneration.

Federico Ausenda,Giulio Rasperini,Angelina Gorbunkova,Raffaele Acunzo,Giorgio Pagni

doi:10.3390/ma12132197

Abstract

Periodontitis is a disease with a high prevalence among adults. If not treated, it can lead to loss of teeth. Periodontal therapy aims at maintaining patient’s teeth through infection control and correction of non-maintainable anatomies including—when possible—regeneration of lost periodontal tissues. The biological regenerative potential of the periodontium is high, and several biomaterials can be utilized to improve the outcome of periodontal therapy. Use of different natural and synthetic materials in the periodontal field has been studied for many years. The main materials used today in periodontology analyzed in this review are: Resorbable and non-resorbable barrier membranes; autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes; biological agents, such as amelogenins; platelet-derived growth factor; bone morphogenic proteins; rh fibroblast growth factor 2; teriparatide hormone; platelet concentrates; and 3D scaffolds. With the development of new surgical techniques some concepts on periodontal regeneration that were strictly applied in the past seem to be not so critical today. This can have an impact on the materials that are needed when attempting to regenerate lost periodontal structures. This review aims at presenting a rationale behind the use of biomaterials in modern periodontal regeneration

Highlights

Periodontal diseases are an array of inflammatory conditions usually triggered by a bacterial infection that affect the tissues surrounding the natural dentition [1]
The aim of this review is to present the scientific and clinical basis for the use of biomaterials in periodontal regeneration
Periodontal regeneration has evolved through different concepts, philosophies, and biomaterials

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal diseases are an array of inflammatory conditions usually triggered by a bacterial infection that affect the tissues surrounding the natural dentition (gingiva, connective tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone) [1]. Loss of periodontal support can continue at different rates over time [3]. The prevalence of these conditions is high—almost 50% of US adults aged ≥30 years are affected by periodontitis [4]. In other parts of the world such as Southern Europe, the prevalence of periodontal diseases is even higher. A recent investigation by Aimetti et al showed that in the Turin area in Northern Italy, up to 75% of the population was affected by moderate to severe forms of periodontitis [5]

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