Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition that affects a large number of individuals worldwide. The understanding of the pathophysiology of this disorder is still not well elucidated, and considering that acute availability of monoamines in the synapses does not provide an equally acute response, and a large number of patients do not respond satisfactorily, new research has emerged in the search for markers and biological mechanisms underlying MDD. Clinical and experimental studies have been suggesting that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is compromised in pathophysiology of MDD. In addition, this pathway is required for the rapid antidepressant action of ketamine, an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Thus, this chapter will highlight clinical and experimental evidences of the role of mTOR signaling pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD.
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