New perspective for probe development assessing salivary biomarkers in periodontal affected diabetic patients

Abstract

The study was performed to have chairside identification of specific biomarkers for diagnosing periodontal disease in diabetic patients at a very early stage using spectroscopic probe design and parameters. Patients were divided into groups: Group (A) - healthy patients, Group (B) - patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) without chronic periodontitis, Group (C) - mild chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 DM, Group (D) - moderate chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 DM, Group (E) - mild chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM, and Group (F) - moderate chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM. Conceptual and practical design for achieving chairside Raman probe has specific tips and optics applied based on temperature of the mouth. Activation of Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) within salivary specimens were analysed. For molecular docking studies, binding pocket was selected with larger SiteScore. MMP-8 and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (CTX) of type I collagen levels in saliva were analysed using MMP-8 Immunoassay. Raman measurements were carried out of salivary specimens. Continuous variables were compared by one‑way analysis of variance. Rate of MMP-8/CTX release was significantly higher in diabetes chronic moderate periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Heat map colour scheme of green indicates increase while the yellow track lines indicate a decrease. Striking difference is seen in Amide regions amongst different groups with lowest intensities seen in diabetic chronic moderate groups and the highest amongst healthy patients (p < 0.05). Major peak at 1447 cm−1 differed in intensities between all groups. Chairside identification of specific biomarkers to diagnosing periodontal disease at a very early stage using spectroscopic probe design and parameters has shown potential.