Abstract
This article presents a comparison of bone replacement materials in terms of their ability to produce living bone image at the place of their implantation. Five bone replacement materials are compared (Osteovit—porous collagen, Cerasorb Foam—collagen scaffolding of synthetic β tricalcium phosphate, Osbone—synthetic hydroxyapatite, Endobone—deproteinized bovine-derived cancellous bone hydroxyapatite, and Cerasorb—synthetic β tricalcium phosphate). Intraoral radiographs are taken immediately after implantation and 12 months later. The texture analysis was performed to assess (texture index, TI) the level of structure chaos (entropy) in relation to the presence of longitudinal elements visible in radiographs (run length emphasis moment). The reference ratio of the chaotic trabecular pattern (Entropy) to the number of longitudinal structures, i.e., trabeculae (LngREmph), is 176:100 (i.e., 1.76 ± 0.28). Radiological homogeneity immediately after the implantation procedure is a result of the similar shape of its particles (Osbone, Endobone and Cerasorb) or radiolucency (Osteovit, Cerasorb Foam). The particles visible in radiographs were similar in the LngREmph parameters applied to the reference bone, but not in the co-occurrence matrix features. The TI for Osteovit during a 12-month follow-up period changed from 1.55 ± 0.26 to 1.48 ± 0.26 (p > 0.05), for Cerasorb Foam from 1.82 ± 0.27 to 1.63 ± 0.24 (p < 0.05), for Osbone from 1.97 ± 0.31 to 1.74 ± 0.30 (p < 0.01), and for Endobone from 1.86 ± 0.25 to 1.84 ± 0.25 (p > 0.05), The observed structure in the radiological image of bone substitute materials containing calcium phosphates obtains the characteristics of a living bone image after twelve months.
Highlights
Bone replacement materials (BRM) have been used in dentistry for decades [1]
0.30 (p < 0.01), and for Endobone from 1.86 ± 0.25 to 1.84 ± 0.25 (p > 0.05), The observed structure in the radiological image of bone substitute materials containing calcium phosphates obtains the characteristics of a living bone image after twelve months
Patients were divided into 5 groups depending on used material: Osteovit—an absorbable collagen (B Braun, Carl-Braun-Strasse 1, Melsungen, Hessen, Germany), Cerasorb Foam—an absorbable porous collagen scaffolding of synthetic β tricalcium phosphate (Curasan, 1768 Heritage Center Drive, Suite 201, Wake Forest, NC, USA), Osbone—a synthetic hydroxyapatite, 1–2 mm particles (Curasan, 1768 Heritage Center Drive, Suite 201, Wake Forest, NC, USA), Endobone—a deproteinized bovine-derived cancellous bone hydroxyapatite, 1–2 mm particles (Zimmer Biomet Dental, 4555 Riverside drive, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA), and Cerasorb—a synthetic β tricalcium phosphate, 1–2 mm particles
Summary
Bone replacement materials (BRM) have been used in dentistry for decades [1]. They have undergone a long evolutionary process and are most commonly used in periodontology [2], endodontic surgery [3], pre-prosthetic treatment [4,5] and oral implantology in the broadest sense of the term [6]. Different forms of calcium phosphates are most common They were natural and synthetic hydroxyapatite [7], but nowadays calcium triphosphates and their mixtures with hydroxyapatite are used. To increase their osteoconductivity, a high degree of porosity is common [8]. The best material would be one that regenerates a living bone rather than healing into the jawbone as a biologically inert substitute for the organism. This leads to the conclusion that, after a period of regeneration, the biomaterial should disappear, leaving a regenerated bone
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