New microbioassays based on biomarkers are more sensitive to fluvial water micropollution than standard testing methods

What determines regulatory preferences? Insights from micropollutants in surface waters

Impacts of Comorbidity and Mental Shock on Organic Micropollutants in Surface Water During and After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Wuhan (2019–2021), China

Urban stormwater discharge contributes more micropollutants to surface water in humid regions of China: Comparison with treated wastewater.

Optimized suspect screening approach for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of best management practices in reducing micropollutants transport in the Potomac River watershed

Micropollutants are often discharged to surface waters through untreated wastewater from sewage treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants. The presence of micropollutants in surface waters is a serious concern because surface water is usually provided to water treatment plants (WTP) to produce drinking water. Many micropollutants can withstand conventional WTP systems and stay in tap water. In particular, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors are examples of micropollutants that are detected at the drinking water, ppb, or even ppb level. A variety of techniques and processes, especially advanced oxidation processes, have been applied to remove micropollutants from water to control drinking water contamination. This paper reviews recent researches on the occurrence and removal of micropollutants in the aquatic environments and during water treatment processes.

This chapter compares water policies for the reduction of micropollutants in the four Rhine riparian states: Switzerland, Germany, France, and the Netherlands. To evaluate the performance of policies from a problem-solving perspective, the policy comprehensiveness index is introduced here as a new analytical tool. Based on lessons from existing policy instrument literature, six indicators feed into the proposed index. This chapter addresses the methodological questions of index construction and thereby explains how the index can be employed to assess the performance of policies. Finally, micropollutants policies of the four Rhine River riparian states are evaluated and compared by means of the introduced index. Toward this goal, this chapter highlights the broader context: the degree to which micropollutants are of particular concern in the Rhine River, the EU legislative framework on water protection, and the policy processes that led to the adoption of the micropollutants policies in the four countries. The final assessment of policies for the reduction of micropollutants in water reveals that Germany, France, and the Netherlands lag behind the policy innovator of Switzerland. This dichotomy represents a reflection of Swiss policy design effectively contributing to the reduction of micropollutants in surface waters, and therefore, the country’s policy can be considered comprehensive.

SPE-LC-MS/MS optimisation using response surface methodology for quantification of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and organic UV filters included in water protection guidelines.

Organic micropollutants in surface water across China: Occurrence and ecological risk.

In the present study, a fully automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) system, a programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) interface, and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection are combined for the trace-level analysis of micropollutants in surface water. The PTV interface is selected because of its reliability regarding large volume injection and its robustness when analyzing real-life samples. The mass spectrometer was used both in the full-scan and the selected ion monitoring modes and gave detection limits of about 15–40 ng/L and 0.7–5 ng/L (7.5-mL samples), respectively, for a series of NP-pesticides. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 153–159, 2000

In the present study, a fully automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) system, a programmed temperature vaporization (PTV) interface, and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric (MS) detection are combined for the trace-level analysis of micropollutants in surface water. The PTV interface is selected because of its reliability regarding large volume injection and its robustness when analyzing real-life samples. The mass spectrometer was used both in the full-scan and the selected ion monitoring modes and gave detection limits of about 15–40 ng/L and 0.7–5 ng/L (7.5-mL samples), respectively, for a series of NP-pesticides. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 153–159, 2000

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during oxidative stress, is toxic to the cells. Hence, H2O2 has been extensively used to study the effects of antioxidant and cytoprotective role of phytochemicals. In the present investigation H2O2 was used to induce oxidative stress via ROS production within PC12 and L132 cells. Cytoprotective propensity of Bacopa monniera extract (BME) was confirmed by cell viability assays, ROS estimation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondria membrane potential assay, comet assay followed by gene expression studies of antioxidant enzymes in PC12 and L132 cells treated with H2O2 for 24h with or without BME pre-treatment. Our results elucidate that BME possesses radical scavenging activity by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), superoxide radical, and nitric oxide radicals. The IC50 value of BME against these radicals was found to be 226.19, 15.17, 30.07, and 34.55µg/ml, respectively). The IC50 of BME against ROS, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was found to be 1296.53, 753.22, and 589.04µg/ml in brain and 1137.08, 1079.65, and 11101.25µg/ml in lung tissues, respectively. Further cytoprotective potency of the BME ameliorated the mitochondrial and plasma membrane damage induced by H2O2 as evidenced by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays in both PC12 and L132 cells. H2O2 induced cellular, nuclear and mitochondrial membrane damage was restored by BME pre-treatment. H2O2 induced depleted antioxidant status was also replenished by BME pre-treatment. This was confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot studies. These results justify the traditional usage of BME based on its promising antioxidant and cytoprotective property.

Fluoxastrobin-induced effects on acute toxicity, development toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in Danio rerio embryos.

An Improved Chemcatcher-Based Method for the Integrative Passive Sampling of 44 Hydrophilic Micropollutants in Surface Water – Part a: Calibration Under Four Controlled Hydrodynamic Conditions

Chapter 3 - Micro-pollutants in surface water: Impacts on the aquatic environment and treatment technologies

An improved Chemcatcher-based method for the integrative passive sampling of 44 hydrophilic micropollutants in surface water – Part A: Calibration under four controlled hydrodynamic conditions