Abstract
Continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) is one of the proven methods for recovering transient auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in rapid stimulation paradigms, which requires an elaborated stimulus sequence design to attenuate impacts from noise in data. The present study aimed to develop a new metric in gauging a CLAD sequence in terms of noise gain factor (NGF), which has been proposed previously but with less effectiveness in the presence of pink (1/f) noise. We derived the new metric by explicitly introducing the 1/f model into the proposed time-continuous sequence. We selected several representative CLAD sequences to test their noise property on typical EEG recordings, as well as on five real CLAD electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings to retrieve the middle latency responses. We also demonstrated the merit of the new metric in generating and quantifying optimized sequences using a classic genetic algorithm. The new metric shows evident improvements in measuring actual noise gains at different frequencies, and better performance than the original NGF in various aspects. The new metric is a generalized NGF measurement that can better quantify the performance of a CLAD sequence, and provide a more efficient mean of generating CLAD sequences via the incorporation with optimization algorithms. The present study can facilitate the specific application of CLAD paradigm with desired sequences in the clinic.
Highlights
Repetitive short sound stimuli are usually employed to elicit transient auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) reflecting time-deterministic and phase-locked electrophysiological activities along the auditory pathway [1]
Sequences with same stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) exhibit same stimulation rate and jitter ratio (JR), which are generally determined by specific applications of the paradigm
We investigated the effect of SOA ordering on the noise gain property of a sequence
Summary
Repetitive short sound stimuli are usually employed to elicit transient auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) reflecting time-deterministic and phase-locked electrophysiological activities along the auditory pathway [1]. These electrophysiological responses have important clinical applications in diagnosis of hearing problems [2] and configuring hearing assistive devices [3]. Stimulus repetition rate must be low enough to avoid overlap of electrophysiological responses to consecutive stimuli. Conventional averaging method for ABR requires that stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) must be adequately larger than 10 ms, corresponding to a maximum of 100 Hz stimulation rate. In the case of middle latency responses (MLRs), which present even much later, the stimulation rate should be limited to 12 Hz or lower
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