New methods of purifying and identifying parasitic diagnostic antigens: A review of the systematic and quantitative approach with the schistosoma model

Abstract

Several antigen preparations intended for use in the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis were reviewed. The efficacies of these antigens in terms of specific activities and cross-reactivities were compared. The idea of quantitation of the actual usable amount of antigens in various preparations was introduced. A systematic approach to the purification and identification of relevant antigens in the Schistosoma system was discussed. Use of the quantitative single-tube kinetic-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in conjunction with a systematic approach to antigen purification allowed for the identification of substantial activities in membrane-associated antigens. Solubilization of the particulate- and presumably membrane-associated components resulted in significant amounts of highly sero-reactive antigens. Total reliance on aqueous-soluble parasitic antigens is questioned.