Abstract
Physiological and morphological studies of red Russian and foreign breeding red currant varieties were carried out for establishing intensive plantings and introduction. Varieties Dana, Niva, Vika, Hollandische Rote are yielding, highly resistant and promising for introduction and industrial cultivation, during dry periods they are able to regulate metabolism through changing indicators of water balance (water deficit, fractional composition of water) and photosynthetic apparatus of leaves (leaf lamina area). Using Natali, Shchedraya and Jonkheer Van Tets varieties in production is possible with application of artificial irrigation. Selyanochka variety is most affected by weather conditions and is recommended to be grown in temperate climate area. Physiological and morphological methods of research allow to diagnose the genotypes resistance of garden crops to growing period abiotic factors at the early stages of plant development, they are confirmed by field observations and are promising in diagnosis for establishing intensive gardens and berry-fields.
Highlights
One of the promising directions of world horticulture development is the introduction of intensive gardens and berry-fields, for which technological, highly resistant, earlymaturing, fruitful, profitable varieties are required; those varieties must have high commercial and consumer qualities, providing a year-round supply of fresh fruit to the population
The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) calculated according to Selyaninov's formula was used to estimate the aridity of the growing periods [9]
The varieties Dana, Niva, Vika, Hollandische Rote are promising for introduction and industrial cultivation for intensive gardening
Summary
One of the promising directions of world horticulture development is the introduction of intensive gardens and berry-fields, for which technological, highly resistant, earlymaturing, fruitful, profitable varieties are required; those varieties must have high commercial and consumer qualities, providing a year-round supply of fresh fruit to the population. Due to climate change, there has been a clear trend towards reducing the resilience of genotypes, which primarily affects yields, quality of products and eventually the economy of the region [1, 2]. Adaptability of fruit and berry crops to adverse environmental conditions is one of the main characteristics that determine their economic value and the efficiency of their cultivation in a particular area. Reduced resistance to changing environmental factors has been one of the main reasons for the decline in production plantings of berry crops. Frequent droughts during the growing season are the main cause of lower yields and deterioration of plant biological condition (necrosis, defoliation and fruit cast, apoplexy) [3,4]. The problem of plant resistance to stress temperature influences is significant and is among the fundamental problems in biology
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