New Method of Image Steganography Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Spatial Domain for High Embedding Capacity

A H Mohsin,Nawar S Jalood,Ali Najm Jasim,Ali H Shareef,Shahad Nidhal,O S Albahri,K I Mohammed,A A Zaidan,M A Alsalem,B B Zaidan,A S Albahri

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949622

Abstract

Steganography is a form of technology utilised to safeguard secret data during communication in addition to data repository. Numerous researchers have endeavoured to enhance the performance of steganography techniques through the development of an effective algorithm for the selection of the optimal pixel location within the host image for the concealment of secret bits, for the enhancement of the embedding capacity of the secret data, and for maintaining the visual quality of the host image (stego image) in an accepted rate after the concealment of the secret data. Therefore, steganography is perceived as a challenging task. Thus, the current study proposes a new technique for image steganography based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm by using pixel selection for the concealment of a secret image in spatial domain, for the purpose of high embedment capacity. The stego possesses a high level of resistance against a steganalytic attack due to the security provided via image steganography. The function of PSO algorithm is to choose an optimal pixel in grey scale host image for the concealment of secret bits, as the PSO has the ability to achieve an efficient fitness calculation that depends on the cost matrix by dividing the host and secret images into four parts. First of all, the secret bits are modified, which are then embedded within the host image. Several locations in the host image are determined through the order of scanning the host pixels and starting point of the scanning for better least significant bits LSBs of each pixel. The PSO algorithm was utilised to ascertain the ideal initiating point and scanning order. Experimental results show that (1) the average peak signal to noise ratio PSNR value in the benchmark technique based on genetic algorithm for five standard stego images is 45.13%, whereas the result obtained from the recommended technique is 56.60%. (2) The proposed technique has an advantage over the benchmark with a percentage of 33.34%, which encompasses all associated issues within the checklist scenario. Therefore, the performance of the recommended technique is superior over existing techniques.

Highlights

Information security is basically the practice of preventing unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information [1]–[11]
We proposed a new method for finding all possible sequence orders to ascertain the best order for the cover image based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm to enhance the performance of the basic least significant bits (LSBs) steganography method
CONTRIBUTIONS The main objective of this study is to propose a new steganography method based on PSO algorithm for selecting the best pixel position in a host image

Summary

Introduction

Information security is basically the practice of preventing unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information [1]–[11]. Applications of different domains need a high level. Of safeguard for private data and cause explosive growth in several fields, including information hiding [6], [12]–[28]. Steganography entails embedding secret data in a host media, such as text, image, audio and video, for the purpose of safeguarding data from detection [29]–[36]. The term steganography is derived from the Greek word ‘steganos’ denoting ‘hidden writing’, where unapproved entities are unable to detect or recover secret data [24], [37]–[40].

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