Abstract
Limonoids are a kind of bioactive triterpenoids and mainly exist in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants. In this research, two new nimbolinin-type limonoids (1 and 2), one new trichilin-type limonoid (3), and one new havanensin-type limonoid (4), along with 11 known nimbolinin-type limonoids (5–15) were obtained from the fruits of Melia toosendan. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of high-resolution ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Nimbolinin-type limonoid 11, 13, and 8 showed obvious effects on autophagy, as they significantly induced the accumulation of autophagosome and enhanced the lysosomal activity. A preliminary structure-activity relationship study suggested that substitution at C-12 and C-1 both have an evident influence on the activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the autophagic activity of nimbolinin-type limonoids.
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