Abstract
Simple SummaryBiological collections are a valuable source of genetic information. Museomics in combination with morphological analysis is useful for systematic studies. Eriopis is a genus of ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) that lives in South America. This study presents Eriopis patagonia, a new species of ladybird beetle discovered with two old specimens collected in Patagonia at least 100 years ago and deposited in a natural history collection. DNA was extracted from the specimens by a non-destructive method, allowing the specimens to be preserved again. The total gDNA was sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. The genetic information obtained allows us to reconstruct and describe its mitochondrial genome and examine its phylogenetic position.Natural history collections house an important source of genetic data from yet unexplored biological diversity. Molecular data from museum specimens remain underexploited, which is mainly due to the degradation of DNA from specimens over time. However, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology can now be used to sequence “old” specimens. Indeed, many of these specimens are unique samples of nomenclatural types and can be crucial for resolving systematic or biogeographic scientific questions. Two ladybird beetle specimens from Patagonia corresponding to a new species of the genus Eriopis Mulsant were found in the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris. Here, we describe Eriopis patagonia Salazar, sp. nov. Total DNA of one of the two specimens was sequenced by NGS using a paired-end Illumina approach. We reconstruct and characterize the mitochondrial genome of this species (16,194 bp). Then, the protein-coding genes (PCGs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) were used to infer by maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference the phylogenetic position of E. patagonia among 27 representatives of Coccinellidae. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the position of Eriopis as sister group to Cycloneda Crotch. Hence, we highlight the high potential of sequencing technology for extracting molecular information from old specimens, which are used here for the systematic study of a genus, while demonstrating the importance of preserving biological collections.
Highlights
Natural history collections (NHCs) are spatio-temporal testimonies of biological diversity and serve as an invaluable tool for documenting changes in biodiversity over time [1,2,3]
Eriopis specimens from several American and European NHCs, we found two historical specimens collected before 1930, which correspond to a new species
The combination of morphology and museum collection genomics has allowed us to discover a new species of ladybird beetle, Eriopis patagonia, and infer its phylogenetic relationship based on the mitochondrial genome
Summary
Natural history collections (NHCs) are spatio-temporal testimonies of biological diversity and serve as an invaluable tool for documenting changes in biodiversity over time [1,2,3]. Insects 2020, 11, 766 of genetic data from NHC specimens is made difficult by processes such as DNA degradation, DNA fragmentation, and contamination. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput data collection method that uses short read sequences as templates, making it possible to bypass the above-mentioned difficulties by sequencing the highly fragmented DNA of old specimens [6,7,8]. The use of NGS for low-coverage whole genome sequencing is called “Genome Skimming” [9,10]. This method has been successfully applied to obtain plastomes, mitogenomes, and repetitive nuclear loci from various plant (e.g., [11,12,13])
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