Abstract
Recently, the effect of large-scale fires on the global environment has attracted attention. Satellite observation data are used for global estimation of fire CO2 emissions, and available data sources are increasing. Although several CO2 emission inventories have already been released, various remote sensing data were used to create the inventories depend on the studies. We created eight global CO2 emission inventories through fires from 2001 to 2020 by combining input data sources, compared them with previous studies, and evaluated the effect of input sources on CO2 emission estimation. CO2 emissions were estimated using a method that combines the biomass density change (by the repeated fires) with the general burned area approach. The average annual CO2 emissions of the created eight inventories were 8.40 ± 0.70 Pg CO2 year−1 (±1 standard deviation), and the minimum and maximum emissions were 3.60 ± 0.67 and 14.5 ± 0.83 Pg CO2 year−1, respectively, indicating high uncertainty. CO2 Emissions obtained from four previous inventories were within ±1 standard deviation in the eight inventories created in this study. Input datasets, especially biomass density, affected CO2 emission estimation. The global annual CO2 emissions from two biomass maps differed by 60% (Maximum). This study assesses the performance of climate and fire models by revealing the uncertainty of fire emission estimation from the input sources.
Highlights
Biomass burning occurs in all vegetated terrestrial ecosystems and strongly affects global carbon cycles through a huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere (e.g., [1,2,3,4,5,6])
The annual burned areas of the three fire distribution (FD) maps are shown in Table 1 including those of GFED4.1s, GFED4, and CCI50 to compare the fire areas of the maps
AUST was the only region in which the biomass density (BD) of MWL was higher than that of MEL in the forest areas. These results show that the estimated CO2 emissions are affected by the input datasets of above-ground biomass (AGB)
Summary
Biomass burning occurs in all vegetated terrestrial ecosystems and strongly affects global carbon cycles through a huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere (e.g., [1,2,3,4,5,6]). Research on how biomass burning affects atmospheric trace gases and aerosols began in the late 1970s [10]. Studies on fire CO2 emissions have expanded to a global scale [11]. These studies include extensive and frequent estimates of fire emissions using satellite data [12,13]. Several global fire emissions inventories have been developed. One of the inventories is the global fire emissions database (GFED) with a spatial resolution of 0.25-degrees and 3-h temporal resolution. In GFED, fire emissions of trace gas species, such as CO2 , carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4 ), etc., are estimated using the Carnegie Ames Stanford approach (CASA) biogeochemical model, and GFED uses
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