Abstract
In this paper two intrinsic runaway criteria are applied to the early detection of hazardous states in batch, semibatch and continuous chemical reactors. The new criteria are based on parametric sensitivity and the divergence. The evaluation of the criteria is done by means of a model-based measuring technique, namely a Kalman filter. After a comparison with runaway criteria known from literature, the power of the early warning system is shown for two examples, a batch esterification and a continuous oxidation.
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