Abstract
Pomegranate, Punica granatum L. (Punicacece), is designated as a plant used in folklore and in several systems of medicine like ayurvedic, unani and siddha for treatment of variety of ailments, as it is believed to possess the powers of fertility, abundance and good luck. The last decade had seen virtual explosion of publications on research dealing with the potentials of pomegranate than the preceding years. Findings showed that almost all parts of pomegranate plant comprise several biochemical constituents (polyphenols, anthocyanins, tannins, alkaloids,. etc.) possessing nutritional and medicinal value. Particularly fruit exhibited potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic activities and probable mechanisms are also explained. Many of these effects are related to the presence of ellagic acid, ellagitannins (punicalin, punicalagin), punicic acid, others include fatty acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenols, sterols, estrogenic flavonols and minerals. However, the synergistic action of these constituents appeared to be superior than individual constituents. Promising clinical applications include treatment of cancer, obesity, diabetes, infertility, intestinal inflammation, dental conditions and dermatology. Though moderate consumption of pomegranate doesn’t result any adverse effects, some drug interactions are seen (anti-hypertensives, statins and anticoagulants like warfarin), as it inhibits CYP2C9 and CYP3A mediated drug metabolism. Aim of this review is to understand the historical background, nutritional value, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, safety assessment (acute and sub-chronic toxicity) and drug interactions of fruit with their clinical applications. We have summarized past to current research (past 10 years) done based on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities and tried to establish the mechanisms of action, and also thrown light on ongoing clinical trials.
Published Version
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