Abstract
A thorough understanding of starch gelatinization is needed to control starch functional properties for food processing and human nutrition. Here, we reveal the mechanism of structural disassembly of rice, maize and wheat starch granules during thermal transitions in which a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) was used to pre-heat the starches to certain transition points in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating profiles. This was done to generate sufficient material for structural analyses. The results from DSC, Raman, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses all showed that at the conclusion temperature (Tc) of the DSC endotherm rice starch gelatinization was complete, whereas residual structural order remained in maize and wheat starches. Gelatinization of wheat and maize starch was complete at a temperature higher than Tc in the profile, which we define as the end temperature (Te). We propose that Te would be better to define the completion point of starch gelatinization than Tc.
Highlights
A thorough understanding of starch gelatinization is needed to control starch functional properties for food processing and human nutrition
From the present study and our previous study[17], we found that gelatinization of rice starch at a water:starch ratio of 2:1 or greater was complete at Tc of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal transition, whereas this was not observed for maize and wheat starches
The extent of structural changes in starch at temperatures corresponding to key transition points in the DSC endotherm was investigated
Summary
A thorough understanding of starch gelatinization is needed to control starch functional properties for food processing and human nutrition. We reveal the mechanism of structural disassembly of rice, maize and wheat starch granules during thermal transitions in which a Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) was used to pre-heat the starches to certain transition points in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating profiles. This was done to generate sufficient material for structural analyses. The multi-scale structures of these gelatinized starches were characterized by a combination of XRD, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, SAXS, DSC and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that over a wide range of water content (0.5:1~4:1), considerable long- and www.nature.com/scientificreports/. Short-range molecular orders remain at the conclusion temperature (Tc, i.e., the intersection point on the baseline of a tangent to the part of the DSC trace beyond the peak temperature) of the starch gelatinization endotherm[18]
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