New insights into early paleoindian (Gainey) associations with proboscideans and canids in the niagara peninsula, southern ontario, canada

Abstract

This paper presents the results of protein residue and use-wear analyses on stone tools recovered during complete salvage excavations of the Mt. Albion West archaeological site, located in the Niagara Peninsula of Southern Ontario, Canada. Mt. Albion West is an Early Paleoindian (Gainey) locality that yielded evidence of four activity foci and dozens of Early Paleoindian stone tools including one complete and several partial fluted bifaces. Organic residue analyses and use-wear data obtained from several tools indicate Early Paleo-Indian associations with proboscideans and canids.