Abstract
The taxonomy of Mediterranean populations ofDiodorais assessed based on new molecular (COI and 28S) data. The recently describedDiodora demartiniorumBuzzurro & Russo, 2005, is found to be a valid species restricted to the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) but possibly occurring also on the coast of Libya. However, specimens from the Aegean Sea previously identified asD. demartiniorumare molecularly (and morphologically pseudocryptically) distinct and represent a previously unrecognized species here described asD. giannispadain. sp. It is hypothesized that the current distribution of these two species corresponds to glacial refuges during Pleistocene climate changes.
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