Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology can analyze the transcriptome expression level of cells with high-throughput from the single cell level, fully show the heterogeneity of cells, and provide a new way for the study of multicellular biological heterogeneity. Synovitis is the pathological basis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) and synovial macrophages are the core target cells of RA, which results in the destruction of articular cartilage, as well as bone. Recent scRNA-seq technology has made breakthroughs in the differentiation and development of two types of synovial cells, identification of subsets, functional analysis, and new therapeutic targets, which will bring remarkable changes in RA treatment.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive aggressive immune disorder which can lead to increased mobility and disability, the main features of this disease are persistent synovitis, pannus formation, joint destruction, and adjacent bone erosions [1,2,3]
In rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, macrophages form the largest population of immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis and play a role in synovitis by producing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1 and IL-6 and chemokines such as CCL2 and CXCL8 [34]
The degree of synovial cells and immune cells infiltrate is a highly variable phenomenon in different disease stages and drug exposure in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [86,87,88], the degree of synovitis is related to the clinical phenotype of RA and as such has been explored as a prospective source of predictive, as well as prognostic biomarkers in RA [88]
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive aggressive immune disorder which can lead to increased mobility and disability, the main features of this disease are persistent synovitis, pannus formation, joint destruction, and adjacent bone erosions [1,2,3]. ScRNA-seq is a technology for high-throughput sequencing and analysis of genome and transcriptome at single-cell level It finds rare new cell subpopulations and shows the changes in each cell. Because the number of synovial macrophages is limited and difficult to obtain, the origination and exact function of synovial macrophages in inflammatory diseases are not fully known [14].With the development of ScRNA-seq in recent years, the research of synovial fibroblasts has stepped to a new level. ScRNA-seq can study the development spectrum of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages on the basis of single cell, and dynamically analyze cell heterogeneity. It plays an imperative role in finding new targets for RA treatment, and has become a significant research approach. The core steps of ScRNA-seq technology and its application in the research of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in RA will be introduced in this paper
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