New Insights for Plant Genome Optimization, Biotic and Abiotic Stresses and Agricultural Applications

Abstract

Plant genomics experienced a revolution as a result of the cheap cost and simplicity of sequencing, which produced numerous assemblies of inferior quality but also a sharp rise in the number of revolutionary genome-enabled discoveries concerning the basic plant biology. Crops physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses to several abiotic challenges appear to be very different from their reactions to single stresses. One of the most crucial fields of plant research is the investigation of the processes underlying plant adaptation to environmental stresses. As biological messengers that control gene expression, ROS and NO work synergistically to activate defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is known that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), which is thought to be a key regulator of plant stress tolerance due to its effect on protein S-nitrosylation, contributes to Solanum lycopersicum's thermotolerance. Vitamin K3, often known as pro-vitamin K, has an addition component called menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB). In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 can speed up the plant breeding by quickly, precisely, and predictably altering genomes. CRISPR/Cas9 has recently gained popularity as a technique for genome editing and has been extensively utilized in crop resistance breeding because to its effectiveness, simplicity, and adaptability.