New insights for bioinformatics, plant genes, biotic and abiotic stresses, food technology and agricultural applications

Abstract

genomics are producing ever-larger reservoirs of rich biodata. The plant needs a significant alteration in metabolism to endure unfavorable environmental stress circumstances, such as drought and environmental stresses. This alteration comprises considerable transcriptome reprogramming upon the onset of the stress and transcription and gene expression regulation. Crops including cotton, maize, and potatoes have benefited from the introduction of many genes obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis. The genes increase the plants' resistance to insect assaults, which lowers or even eliminates the need for certain pesticide treatments. An increasing amount of research suggests that plants' nutritional status in minerals has a major impact on their ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. Being complex creatures, plants may face a variety of biotic and abiotic challenges in their natural habitat. A number of biotic and abiotic pressures coincide as a result of global warming, which lowers agricultural production. Different biometrical analyses, including path coefficient, discriminant function, generation means, line x tester, triple test cross, stability parameters, D2 statistics, metroglypth, diallel, partial diallel, triallel, quadriallel, etc., are performed in plant breeding and genetics. Two kinds of food plants, such as Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, have had their whole genomes sequenced. The production of ABA involves the enzymes zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and ABA-aldehyde oxidase (AAO). Drought tolerance is increased in plants that overexpress these genes.