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Abstract
Objective: To record which interventions produce the greatest variations in body composition in patients ≤19 years old with metabolic syndrome (MS). Method: search dates between 2005 and 2017 in peer reviewed journals, following the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). The selection criteria were: diagnostic for MS or at least a criterion for diagnosis; randomized clinical trials, ≤19 years of age; intervention programs that use diet and/or exercise as a tool (interventions showing an interest in body composition). Results: 1781 clinical trials were identified under these criteria but only 0.51% were included. The most frequent characteristics of the selected clinical trials were that they used multidisciplinary interventions and were carried out in America. The most utilized parameters were BMI (body mass index) in kg/m2 and BW (body weight) in kg. Conclusions: Most of the clinical trials included had been diagnosed through at least 2 diagnostic criteria for MS. Multidisciplinary interventions obtained greater changes in body composition in patients with MS. This change was especially prevalent in the combinations of dietary interventions and physical exercise. It is proposed to follow the guidelines proposed for patients who are overweight, obese, or have diabetes type 2, and extrapolate these strategies as recommendations for future clinical trials designed for patients with MS.
Highlights
Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus: DM): serious medical condition in which body cannot control the amount of sugar in your blood.Insulin resistance: is a pathology in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin.Insulin controls the concentrations of glucose in blood and it is produced by the pancreas when glucose starts to be released into the bloodstream from the digestion of carbohydrates in the diet.Nutrients 2018, 10, 878; doi:10.3390/nu10070878 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsUnder normal conditions of insulin reactivity, this insulin response triggers glucose being taken into body cells, to be used for energy, and inhibits the body from using fat for energy, thereby causing the concentration of glucose in the blood to decrease
Six of the studies had a female presence that was slightly larger than the male
It has been demonstrated that the changes in body composition produce favorable changes in the metabolic illness risk factors in children, adolescents and adults [71], which is why further research in this area is recommended
Summary
Diabetes (Diabetes mellitus: DM): serious medical condition in which body cannot control the amount of sugar in your blood.Insulin resistance: is a pathology in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin.Insulin controls the concentrations of glucose in blood and it is produced by the pancreas when glucose starts to be released into the bloodstream from the digestion of carbohydrates (primarily) in the diet.Nutrients 2018, 10, 878; doi:10.3390/nu10070878 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrientsUnder normal conditions of insulin reactivity, this insulin response triggers glucose being taken into body cells, to be used for energy, and inhibits the body from using fat for energy, thereby causing the concentration of glucose in the blood to decrease. Insulin resistance: is a pathology in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin. Insulin controls the concentrations of glucose in blood and it is produced by the pancreas when glucose starts to be released into the bloodstream from the digestion of carbohydrates (primarily) in the diet. Under normal conditions of insulin reactivity, this insulin response triggers glucose being taken into body cells, to be used for energy, and inhibits the body from using fat for energy, thereby causing the concentration of glucose in the blood to decrease. This, glucose concentration stays within the normal range even when a large amount of carbohydrates is consumed. Excess glucose is not sufficiently absorbed by cells even in the presence of insulin, thereby causing an increase in the level of blood sugar. The insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome or syndrome X), and prediabetes are closely related and the show overlapping aspects
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