Abstract
Manganese oxide (MnOx) mediated ammonium (NH4+) oxidation in wetlands is receiving increased interest; however, the biochemical mechanisms of this process are vague due to only few studies have focused on terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, three subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs), high/low content of Mn-sand CW (HMn-CW/LMn-CW) and quartz sand CW (C-CWs), were set up to explore the extent of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal and underlying mechanisms. According to the surface characteristics of Mn-sand, MnOx nanospheres were loaded as birnessite on the sand, while changes of the Mn/N contents indicated involvement of Mn-sand in NH4+-N removal. During the 120-day operation, higher extent of NH4+-N removal with decreased nitrous oxide (N2O) emission was achieved in the HMn-CW (76%) than in the LMn-CW (73%) and C-CW (67%). According to the distribution of nitrogen compounds and Mn2+, Mn-sand in the HMn-CW delayed oxidation of NH4+ and production of nitrate and nitrite. High abundance of Zooloea and Psychrobacter was observed in the Mn-sand layer of HMn-CW, corresponding to a higher observed NH4+-N removal. NH4+ oxidation to hydroxylamine and then to nitrite was enhanced in HMn-CW due to ammonia monooxygenase genes being promoted. The decrease of N2O emission was closely related to the genus TM7a, verified by Pearson correlation analysis. Our findings expand the knowledge of MnOx-mediated NH4+ oxidation in wetlands and support the potential application of manganese oxide for effective nitrogen removal in CWs.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.