Abstract
The effective restoration of the U_{A}(1) symmetry is revisited by implementing the functional renormalization group approach combining with the 2+1 flavor Polyakov-loop quark-meson model. A temperature-dependent 't Hooft term is taken to imitate the restoration of the U_{A}(1) symmetry. Order parameters, meson spectrum and mixing angles, especially the pressure and the entropy density of the system are calculated to explore the effects of different U_{A}(1) symmetry restoration patterns. We show then that the temperature for the restoration of the U_{A}(1) symmetry is much higher than that for the chiral symmetry SU_{A}(3).
Highlights
Studies on the strong interaction system (QCD system) have been attractive over decades, since a full understanding of the QCD system is crucial for exploring the fundamental structure of nature
The effective restoration of the UAð1Þ symmetry is revisited by implementing the functional renormalization group approach combined with the 2 þ 1 flavor Polyakov-loop quark-meson model
It is predicted in Ref. [3] that UAð1Þ symmetry can be effectively restored at a high temperature due to the suppression of the instanton density of the QCD vacuum
Summary
Studies on the strong interaction system (QCD system) have been attractive over decades, since a full understanding of the QCD system is crucial for exploring the fundamental structure of nature. [3] that UAð1Þ symmetry can be effectively restored at a high temperature due to the suppression of the instanton density of the QCD vacuum This prediction is proved later in many lattice QCD simulation results [8,9,10,11,12], whereas the specific temperature for UAð1Þ to be restored is still far from clear and requires more investigations. The effective restoration of the UAð1Þ symmetry is imitated via a temperature-dependent ’t Hooft term deduced from lattice QCD simulations and theoretical derivations [17,20,51] With such a temperature-dependent ’t Hooft term, order parameters, the meson spectrum, mixing angles, pressure, entropy density, and speed of sound of the system are calculated to explore the response of the system to the restoring UAð1Þ symmetry.
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