Abstract
Cholera is a major global health problem, causing approximately 100,000 deaths annually, about half of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Although early-generation parenteral cholera vaccines were abandoned as public health tools owing to their limited efficacy, newer-generation oral cholera vaccines have attractive safety and protection profiles. Both killed and live oral vaccines have been licensed, although only killed oral vaccines are currently manufactured and available. These killed oral vaccines not only provide direct protection to vaccinated individuals, but also confer herd immunity. The combination of direct vaccine protection and vaccine herd immunity effects makes these vaccines highly cost-effective and, therefore, attractive for use in developing countries. Administration of these oral vaccines does not require qualified medical personnel, which makes their use practical--even in developing countries. Although new-generation oral cholera vaccines should not be considered in isolation from other preventive approaches, especially improved water quality and sanitation, they represent important tools in the public health armamentarium to control both endemic and epidemic cholera.
Highlights
Cholera, an acute watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O1, and less commonly V. cholerae O139, is a major global public health problem.[1]
We review selected aspects of the disease, its pathogenesis and immunology, clinical features and epidemiology, treatment and summarize the status of new-generation cholera vaccines
In over 100 years of cholera vaccine development and use, we have passed from widespread use of parenteral vaccines that proved to be inadequately protective in well-designed clinical trials, through to rejection of vaccination as a strategy for control of cholera
Summary
An acute watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O1, and less commonly V. cholerae O139, is a major global public health problem.[1]. Epidemic cholera was caused only by the O1 serogroup until 1992, when a major outbreak of disease caused by the O139 serogroup began in India[15] and rapidly spread throughout Asia, but its incidence has declined.[16,17,18] researchers have speculated that this newly emergent organism might cause the eighth pandemic, this scenario has not yet materialized.[19] Variants of V. cholerae O1, in which the organism is phenotypically similar to El Tor but encodes the cholera toxin expressed by the classical biotype, have emerged in the past two decades These were initially described in Bangladesh, and have subsequently been detected in India, Mozambique and numerous other countries in Asia and Africa, including.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
