Abstract
Aligned poly(l-lactide)/poly(methyl methacrylate) binary blend fibers and mats loaded with a chimeric green fluorescence protein having a bioactive peptide with hydroxyapatite binding and mineralization property are prepared by pressurized gyration. The effect of processing parameters on the product morphologies, and the shape memory properties of these samples are investigated. Integration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the fiber assembly is self-directed using the hydroxyapatite-binding property of the peptide genetically engineered to green fluorescence protein. Fluorescence microscopy analysis corroborated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirms the integration of the chimeric protein with the fibers. An enzyme based remineralization assay is conducted to study the effects of peptide-mediated mineralization within the fiber mats. Raman and FTIR spectral changes observed following the peptide-mediated mineralization provides an initial step toward a soft-hard material transition. These results show that programmable shape memory properties can be obtained by incorporating genetically engineered bioactive peptide domains into polymer fibers.
Highlights
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials that are able to change their shape in response to an environmental stimulus such as temperature, pH, moisture, or light
A hydroxyapatite particle solution was added to the protein solution and allowed to incubate under gentle agitation to ensure peptide–particle functionalization. 15 g of PLLA/ PMMA solution was taken in an air-tight bottle and 0.4 mL of the hydroxyapatite–protein mixture was added while sonicating in a water bath using an ultrasound sonifier (Branson sonifier 250) at a power output of 60% for 15 min
Solvents with a high boiling point evaporate slowly and this causes stretching of a polymeric jet.[21]
Summary
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are a class of smart materials that are able to change their shape in response to an environmental stimulus such as temperature, pH, moisture, or light. We have focused on the directed, self-assembled mineralization properties of such SMP scaffolds incorporated with a mineral-binding peptide to repair bone defects by providing local stimulation for bone tissue development. We produced these bioactive scaffolds by incorporating a genetically engineered fusion protein, which features a green fluorescence protein tag conjugated with hydroxyapatite binding and mineralization peptide (GFP-HABP). The chemical modification and microstructural changes in the fibers were investigated toward developing a tunable soft to hard matter transition in the shape memory fibers and mats
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