Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to achieving analytical solutions of parameter containing fractional-order differential equations. Using the nonlinear self-adjoint notion, approximate solutions, conservation laws and symmetries of these equations are also obtained via a new formulation of an improved form of the Noether’s theorem. It is indicated that invariant solutions, reduced equations, perturbed or unperturbed symmetries and conservation laws can be obtained by applying a nonlinear self-adjoint notion. The method is applied to the time fractional-order Fokker–Planck equation. We obtained new results in a highly efficient and elegant manner.

Highlights

  • Fractional partial differential equations are a generalization of classical ordinary calculus with utilizations of integrals and derivatives with an arbitrary order

  • Noether’s theorem which was introduced by Emmy Noether in 1918 describing general concepts related to symmetry groups and conservation laws is a useful tool in the solutions of perturbed differential equations, see, e.g., [11,12,13]

  • We present conservation laws of fractional partial differential equations [19,20] with an effective method based on nonlinear self-adjointness

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Summary

Introduction

Fractional partial differential equations are a generalization of classical ordinary calculus with utilizations of integrals and derivatives with an arbitrary order. We are concerned with approximations using a small parameter of the Caputo and Riemann–Liouville type fractional derivative operators. Using this approximation, a fractional-order differential equation may be converted into an integer-order equation [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Noether’s theorem which was introduced by Emmy Noether in 1918 describing general concepts related to symmetry groups and conservation laws is a useful tool in the solutions of perturbed differential equations, see, e.g., [11,12,13]. Because of the importance of perturbed systems to describe the natural phenomena, they generalized the Noether’s theorem to approximated version This generalization helps to find approximate conservation laws of a given system including the related topics [16,17]. B are constants and Dtα is fractional derivative of order α

Approximation of Fractional-Order Operators
Lie Group Analysis
Classification of Group-Invariant Solution
Approximate Conservation Laws
Basic Definitions for Constructing Conservation Laws
Approximate Conservation Laws for pfPE
Conclusions and Outlook
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