Abstract
In addressing the current challenge, this research thoroughly investigates the intricate interplay between media, culture, and mineral efficiency in 23 diverse Asian economies, classified based on their income levels. Leveraging data spanning from 2005 to 2020 and utilizing logarithmic transformations, this study navigates the complex web of relationships. The results highlight a notable positive impact of media penetration on mineral efficiency, particularly in high and upper middle-income nations that boast advanced media infrastructure and higher levels of education. Concurrently, increased government expenditure on media amplifies mineral efficiency within these contexts. The influence of advertising, however, varies depending on consumer behavior, media infrastructure, and market maturity. Control variables bring to light the negative impact of population size and the positive correlation of clean energy with mineral efficiency in high and upper middle-income economies. Formulating tailored policies for media-driven enhancement of mineral efficiency is crucial for both income groups, with a focus on strategic campaigns, cultural initiatives, and educational programs.
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