Abstract
Measured travel times of acoustic pulses, propagated across a 3000-km section of the north Pacific Ocean, are inconsistent with travel times predicted with the internationally accepted algorithm for the speed of sound in water. The sound-speed algorithm predicts a speed that is too fast at oceanic pressures found below about 1-km depth. An accurate algorithm of sound speed is important for deriving large-scale temperatures from measurements of acoustic travel time across oceans. Accurate estimates of the large-scale thermal field are important for better understanding the ocean's role in determining weather, climate, and the distributions of marine organisms.
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