Abstract
Sea bed logging (SBL) is a new technique for detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. Powerful electromagnetic (EM) transmitter is required for the transmission of EM signal underneath the seabed. New aluminum transmitter with yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) based magnetic feeders was used in a scale tank to increase the magnitude of the magnetic field. Yttrium iron garnet samples were prepared using self combustion technique at different sintering temperatures of 750°C, 950°C and 1150°C. Characterizations of Y3Fe5O12 samples were done by using XRD, RAMAN, FESEM and Impedence network analyser. X-ray diffraction results revealed that yttrium iron garnet phase with good crystallinity appeared at sintering temperature of 1150°C. Nanoparticles size ranging from 60 to 110 nm was investigated. Raman results also confirmed garnet structure of yttrium iron garnet at sintering temperature of 1150°C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to image the morphology of the Y3Fe5O12 nanoparticles. Magnetic properties of Y3Fe5O12 magnetic feeders illustrates that Y3Fe5O12 has high Initial permeability (58.054), high Q-factor (59.842) and low loss factor (0.0003) at sintering temperature of 1150°C. Y3Fe5O12 magnetic feeders with high Q factor were chosen for new aluminum EM transmitter. Experiments with a scale factor of 2000 were carried out in scaled tank. It was found that Al transmitter with Y3Fe5O12 magnetic feeders increased magnitude of magnetic field strength up to 180%.
Highlights
Hydrocarbon exploration is very expensive, not perfect and can be harmful to marine life due to large value of current used
The yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles sintered at 950 °C and 1150 °C were moulded to a toroidal shape using hydraulic press at pressure of 50kN. 1% of zinc stearate acted as lubricant and 1% of PVA acted as binder were added into nanoparticles of yttrium iron garnet
Nanoparticles of Y3Fe5O12 were successfully synthesized by using self combustion technique
Summary
Hydrocarbon exploration is very expensive, not perfect and can be harmful to marine life due to large value of current used. Electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitter will be reflected and guided by the hydrocarbon reservoir because of its high resistance [4]. Yttrium iron garnet has large Faraday rotation and high saturation magnetization and due to these properties, it has potential applications in electronic devices and in magnetic bubble domain-type digital memories [6] Magnetic properties such as initial permeability, relative loss factor, saturation magnetization and remanence etc depend on the crystal structure and morphology of the garnet materials [7]. Magnitude of electromagnetic (EM) waves for detection of hydrocarbon reservoir in marine environment is very important in seabed logging. Development of twin dipole antenna with yttrium iron garnet based magnetic feeder is reported in this research work. Al wire with Y3Fe5O12 based magnetic feeders were used as EM transmitter for the improvement of magnitude verses offset in a scaled tank
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