Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Retinal laser photocoagulation, antivascular endothelial growth factors, steroid therapy, and pars plana vitrectomy are now used extensively to treat advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Currently, diagnostic devices like ultrawide field fundus fluorescein angiography and the improvement of optical coherence tomography have provided quicker and more precise diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy. Thus, treatment protocols have been modified accordingly. Various types of lasers, including the subthreshold micropulse laser and RPE-targeting laser, and selective targeted photocoagulation may be future alternatives to conventional retinal photocoagulation, with fewer complications. The new developed intravitreal medications and implants have provided more therapeutic options, with promising results.
Highlights
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes and is known to be the leading cause of blindness [1]
Treatment controlling systemic risk factors including hyperglycemia and hypertension is crucial to preventing and arresting DR, here we focused on local rather than systemic treatment
We provide an outline of current trends to treat and diagnose diabetic retinopathy in the ophthalmic field
Summary
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes and is known to be the leading cause of blindness [1]. Typical ocular complications range from impaired visual acuity due to diabetic retinopathy and premature cataracts all the way to blindness or loss of an eye. Arresting of NPDR at an early level would be necessary to reduce the risk of severe visual loss. Current treatments target late stages of DR when vision has already been significantly affected, so there is a need to stop the progression of DR earlier. Earlier detection and timely treatment of sight-threatening DR have reduced the incidence and progression of visual loss [6, 7]. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to design new effective prevention strategies for the early stages of DR. We provide an outline of current trends to treat and diagnose diabetic retinopathy in the ophthalmic field
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