Abstract
As described in Japanese essay (Hojoki), written around 1200, various disasters such as big fires, earthquakes, and famines have occurred in Japan. Asian countries have been suffering from the disasters; furthermore, natural disasters are increasing due to global warming. Because tropical-infectious diseases are often disaster-related infectious diseases (DRIDs), the strategies against the former kind of disease could be applicable to DRIDs. Meteorological analysis of the occurrence of DRIDs using a method of time series analysis is important. In situations of disasters, it is desirable if you can identify the pathogen and identify disease severity simultaneously. A dipstick DNA chromatography assay termed as Single-Tag Hybridization—Printed Array Strip (STH—PAS) system was developed based on the DNA sequences of various mosquito-borne diseases. The plasma levels of matricellular proteins including galectin-9 (Gal-9) and osteopontin (OPN) were found to reflect the disease severities in the dengue virus and other DIRDs. Because both proteins have been reported to be immune-check molecules, their inhibition might enhance the immune system against pathogens. We found that brefelamide derivatives could inhibit OPN and other inflammatory molecules synthesis. Very recently, different derivatives were found to inhibit PD-L1 transcription. Applications of these agents should be considered as multi-step strategies against DRIDs.
Highlights
Hojoki is one of the oldest essays in Japan and describes a big fire (1177), a tornado followed by relocation of the capital (1180), a famine (1181-2) and an earthquake (1185)
Leptospirosis, dengue, diarrhea, and cholera were recognized as common disaster-related infections in the Philippines, whereas diarrhea and respiratory infection were the major disaster-related infections in Indonesia. These results indicate that disaster-related infectious diseases (DRIDs) differ from place to place [12]
We developed a novel testing, dengue detectiontransmitted system using the single tag Several laboratory diagnostic techniques have been used for the confirmation of hybridization chromatographic printed array strip (STH-printed arrayMaster strip (PAS)) method, which dengue affordsvirus the infection: viralofisolation, viral viralgreat genome detection, (Ab)short detection
Summary
Hojoki is one of the oldest essays in Japan and describes a big fire (1177), a tornado followed by relocation of the capital (1180), a famine (1181-2) and an earthquake (1185). At the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET) of March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake attacked Sendai and neighboring cities, and the number of missing people was about 20,000 This area was found to be attacked by a tsunami (Jogan) at July 13, 869, indicating a large-scale tsunami occurs with a 1000 year interval [1,2]. In 2018, there were 315 natural disaster events recorded with 11,804 deaths, over 68 million people affected, and US$131.7 billion in economic losses across the world. Leptospirosis, dengue, diarrhea, and cholera were recognized as common disaster-related infections in the Philippines, whereas diarrhea and respiratory infection were the major disaster-related infections in Indonesia These results indicate that disaster-related infectious diseases (DRIDs) differ from place to place [12]
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