Abstract
A lot of molecular (magnetic) conductors are prepared largely using charge-transfer (CT) salts of donor molecules with acceptor molecules or nonmagnetic or magnetic anions such as metal halides and oxides; their CT salts are usually obtained as bulk crystals, which are used to elucidate the electrical conducting (magnetic) properties. In contrast, a small number of micro/nano-crystals of the molecular (magnetic) conductors, especially micro/nano-wires, are known, of which highly conducting nanowires are necessary as a key component in the development of the next generation of nano-size transistors and spin-transistors. Very recently, we succeeded in preparing highly conductive micro/nano-wires of CT salts between bent donor molecules developed by one of the author’s group and magnetic FeX4– (X = Cl, Br) ions: (1) by electrochemical oxidation of the bent donor molecules with a silicon wafer electrode coated with a phospholipid multi-lamellar structure as well as, (ii) by electrochemical oxidation of the bent donor molecules with a large arc structure, in the presence of NBu4FeX4 supporting electrolytes. This article reviews template-free and template-assisted methods developed so far for the preparation of micro/nano-wires of molecular (magnetic) conductors along with our new methods. The conducting properties of these micro/nano-wires are compared with those of the corresponding bulk crystals.
Highlights
A nanowire is defined as an anisotropic nano-crystal with a large length/diameter ratio, and are expected to play important roles as both interconnectors and functional components in the fabrication of nano-size electronic and optoelectronic devices [1]
A single nanowire with semiconductive property is bridged between source and drain electrodes fabricated on silicon wafer substrate, and a third gate electrode is placed along the direction perpendicular to the nanowire (Figure 1(a))
We have presented a review of new development in the preparation of micro/nano-wires of molecular conductors based on CT salts
Summary
A nanowire is defined as an anisotropic nano-crystal with a large length/diameter ratio, and are expected to play important roles as both interconnectors and functional components in the fabrication of nano-size electronic and optoelectronic devices [1]. Single crystals of organic molecules require a size as large as possible and a high quality in order to elucidate their structures and physical properties For this end, a lot of methods have been developed and still much effort is continuing in the search for more efficient methods. To prepare micro/nano-wires of molecular (magnetic) conductors, two methods are so far developed; one which uses a template and one that does not in the mixing between donor and acceptor molecules or in the electrochemical oxidation of donor molecules The former method includes mixing of highly-dilute donor and acceptor solutions, deposition of donor and acceptor molecules by a dip-coating onto stainless steel, and electrochemical deposition of donor molecules onto conventional native silicon wafer and platinum rod or nano-size electrodes. The latter method uses nano-size channels of supramolecular network composed of counter halide anions and iodine-containing neutral molecules, and of porous alumina and phospholipid multi-lamellar membranes coated on gold, silver or silicon wafer in the electrochemical oxidation of donor molecules
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