Abstract
We propose and experimentally prove a novel design for implementing photonic temporal integrators simultaneously offering a high processing bandwidth and a long operation time window, namely a large time-bandwidth product. The proposed scheme is based on concatenating in series a time-limited ultrafast photonic temporal integrator, e.g. implemented using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), with a discrete-time (bandwidth limited) optical integrator, e.g. implemented using an optical resonant cavity. This design combines the advantages of these two previously demonstrated photonic integrator solutions, providing a processing speed as high as that of the time-limited ultrafast integrator and an operation time window fixed by the discrete-time integrator. Proof-of-concept experiments are reported using a uniform fiber Bragg grating (as the original time-limited integrator) connected in series with a bulk-optics coherent interferometers' system (as a passive 4-points discrete-time photonic temporal integrator). Using this setup, we demonstrate accurate temporal integration of complex-field optical signals with time-features as fast as ~6 ps, only limited by the processing bandwidth of the FBG integrator, over time durations as long as ~200 ps, which represents a 4-fold improvement over the operation time window (~50 ps) of the original FBG integrator.
Highlights
A temporal integrator is a device that can calculate the integral of an input arbitrary timedomain waveform
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new ultrafast photonic temporal integrator design capable of providing simultaneously (i) a high processing bandwidth, as large as that of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) time-limited integrator solution [2,8,9,10,11], and (ii) a long operation time window, as long as that of a discrete-time photonic temporal integrator [3,4,5,6,7] Our proposal is based on the concatenation in series of these two previous designs, namely a discrete-time photonic temporal integrator and a time-limited
For proof-of-concept demonstrations, here we have experimentally extended the operation time window of a 5 mm FBG integrator, capable of accurate integration of optical signals with time features as fast as ~6 ps, by four times, from ~50 ps to ~200 ps, using a cascaded coherent two-arm interferometer operating as a 4-point discrete-time optical integrator
Summary
A temporal integrator is a device that can calculate the integral of an input arbitrary timedomain waveform. Solutions based on frequency domain designs emulate the target spectral response of an ideal integrator over a limited frequency bandwidth and they typically use active [3,4,5,6] or passive [7] optical resonant cavities (i.e. discrete-time filtering designs). A simple and practical solution is that based on a weak-coupling uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) operating in reflection [8,9] This technique does not have a „fundamental‟ limitation on its operation frequency bandwidth – in practice, this will be limited only by FBG technology constraints – and integration bandwidths up to a few hundreds of GHz have been experimentally demonstrated [9]. For proof-of-concept demonstrations, here we have experimentally extended the operation time window of a 5 mm FBG integrator, capable of accurate integration of optical signals with time features as fast as ~6 ps, by four times, from ~50 ps (original value) to ~200 ps, using a cascaded coherent two-arm interferometer operating as a 4-point discrete-time optical integrator
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