New Data about the Distribution of Three Phylogenetic Lineages of Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus (Salmonidae) in their Contact Zones in the North of East Siberia

V. I. Romanov,N. V. Gordeeva,S. S. Alekseyev,A. F. Kirillov,M. Yu. Pichugin

doi:10.1134/s0032945221050064

Abstract

In order to study the distribution of phylogenetic mtDNA lineages of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in their contact zones in the north of East Siberia we analyzed nucleotide sequences of mtDNA control region of charr from 10 Arctic populations in the area from the Yenisei to the Lena. At the Putorana plateau, haplotypes of Atlantic and Siberian subgroups of Eurasian group were recorded, in the Khatanga River basin, haplotypes of Atlantic subgroup, in the Lena River delta, haplotypes of Siberian subgroup and of Bering group were observed. Some Siberian haplotypes found at the Putorana and in the Lena delta, have been earlier registered in other regions of East Siberia. New findings, along with published materials allow to specify the ranges of these three phylogenetic lineages and the margins of their contact zones; they also evidence wide sympatry of Atlantic and Siberian haplotypes in Taimyr water bodies and support close relationship of charr of Siberian subgroup from all main areas of their distribution.

Highlights

In Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and closely related species/forms, 5 phylogenetic groups of mtDNA control region haplotypes (Atlantic, Siberian, Acadian, Arctic and Beringian) were revealed (Brunner et al, 2001)
Such a western position of the border between the ranges of the two groups was due to the fact that the authors included in the latter group several haplotypes, which were later transferred to the first one (Gordeeva et al, 2018). Taking into account this transfer and the new data, the updated range of the Siberian subgroup is restricted to continental water bodies of East Siberia; its present-day western border is located at the Putorana Plateau (Brunner et al, 2001; Osinov et al, 2017), while the eastern border of the Atlantic subgroup is in the Khatanga Bay basin (Brunner et al, 2001; Alekseyev et al, 2009)
The same refers to the zone of contact between Arctic charr with haplotypes of Siberian subgroup and with haplotypes of Beringian group introgressed from northern Dolly Varden S. malma malma, which is situated to the East, in coastal regions from the Anabar to the Lena (Alekseyev et al, 2009; Gordeeva et al, 2018)

Summary

Introduction

In Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus and closely related species/forms, 5 phylogenetic groups of mtDNA control region haplotypes (Atlantic, Siberian, Acadian, Arctic and Beringian) were revealed (Brunner et al, 2001). In three water bodies of Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets region charr with haplotypes of both phylogenetic lineages were observed: in Lake Lama (based on restriction analysis of a section of ATPase6/ND4L: Radchenko, 2003; based on the analysis of nucleotide sequences of cytochrome b gene: Radchenko, 2004; Osinov et al, 2015; of mtDNA control region: Osinov et al, 2017), in Lake Kungasalakh and in the Novaya River (Alekseyev et al, 2009) All this shows that in Taimyr region a zone of secondary contact between Atlantic and Siberian subgroups is located (Osinov et al, 2015, 2017), but its precise boundaries are not yet known. The aim of the present study is to provide new data about the distribution of Arctic charr with haplotypes of three phylogenetic lineages in the zones of their secondary contacts in the north of East Siberia for specifying the boundaries of these zones and extending knowledge about phylogeography of this species

Objectives

Methods

Results