Abstract
Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC50 values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.
Highlights
Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. (Rutaceae) is an evergreen shrub distributed in Vietnam, Philippines, southern China, and Taiwan [1]
The full assignment of 1H and 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) resonances was confirmed by 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear Overhauser effect spectrometry (NOESY) (Figure 3), Distortionless
Granule proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide) and produced by human neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases
Summary
Zanthoxylum avicennae (Lam.) DC. (Rutaceae) is an evergreen shrub distributed in Vietnam, Philippines, southern China, and Taiwan [1]. Neolignans [2], alkaloids [2,3,4], coumarins [3,4], flavonoids [3], benzenoids [3,4], and their derivatives were isolated from this plant in previous studies.
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