New Contralateral Vesicoureteral Reflux Following Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid Implantation: Incidence and Identification of a High Risk Group

Abstract

To our knowledge the incidence of NCVUR following the endoscopic treatment of VUR with Dx/HA has not been reported previously. We evaluated the outcomes in a group of patients to determine the incidence, and to attempt to identify risk factors. A total of 126 children with primary unilateral VUR underwent unilateral Dx/HA implantation at our institutions. The incidence of NCVUR was determined by postoperative VCUG. Indications for surgery, patient age and gender, preoperative grade of VUR and volume of Dx/HA injected were assessed as possible risk factors for NCVUR. Of the patients 96 (76.2%) were female, and mean age was 4.8 years. The principal indications for Dx/HA implantation were persistent reflux in 56 patients (44.4%) and primary therapy in 51 (40.5%). At followup VCUG 17 patients (13.5%) had NCVUR. No variable independently appeared to influence the incidence of NCVUR. Statistical analysis suggests that females younger than 5 years have an increased incidence of NCVUR (13 of 62, or 21% vs 4 of 64, or 6.3% of the remaining patients, p = 0.016). NCVUR occurred in approximately 13% of our patients. Patients with higher preoperative VUR grade or a lower number of preoperative VCUGs and those undergoing treatment as primary therapy did not have an increased incidence. Girls younger than 5 years had the highest incidence of NCVUR, and initial bilateral injection may be a consideration for this group. Further effort directed at identifying the etiology and risk factors for NCVUR is needed.