Abstract
Zero-watermarking methods provide promising solutions and impressive performance for copyright protection of images without changing the original images. In this paper, a novel zero-watermarking method for color images is envisioned. Our envisioned approach is based on multi-channel orthogonal Legendre Fourier moments of fractional orders, referred to as MFrLFMs. In this method, a highly precise Gaussian integration method is utilized to calculate MFrLFMs. Then, based on the selected accurate MFrLFMs moments, a zero-watermark is constructed. Due to their accuracy, geometric invariances, and numerical stability, the proposed MFrLFMs-based zero-watermarking method shows excellent resistance against various attacks. Performed experiments using the proposed watermarking method show the outperformance over existing watermarking algorithms.
Highlights
Fast advancements of communication technologies increased the number of transmitted digital images
The main idea of Traditional watermarking algorithms is to incorporate the watermark information to the base image; once embedding the information of the watermark, the data extracted to enforce copyright protection [8,9,10,11,12]. These algorithms suffer from the limitations of degrading the base image quality and the contradiction between robustness and imperceptibility, which is always challenging for traditional watermarking methods
In [19], Gao et al presented a new zero-watermarking scheme by employing the Bessel–Fourier moments (BFMs), which are robust to a myriad of security threats
Summary
Fast advancements of communication technologies increased the number of transmitted digital images. In [19], Gao et al presented a new zero-watermarking scheme by employing the Bessel–Fourier moments (BFMs), which are robust to a myriad of security threats These invariant methods-based watermarking are applied for gray-scale images. The first error is a result of the numerical approximation of the continuous double integrals to double summation, while the second is a result of square-to-circle mapping of image representation These errors introduce numerical instabilities and increases the complexity of the calculations, which affecting the moment computation and the quaternion moments-based zerowatermarking scheme's robustness. (5) Most existing methods are used inaccurate computation method of moments for extraction the features of host images These issues have a significant impact on the time computation, equalization, and robustness of the momentsbased zero watermarking methods.
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