New characteristics for use in extending machine life

Abstract

Globally, over the last two centuries, practically all production systems for means of national and intercontinental transport have been radically rethought and improved, with the introduction of fundamentally new approaches; new and unique machines have been developed; and new production processes for new products have been discovered and implemented. Such ingenuity in the service of human comfort and safety is impressive. There are numerous examples of such efforts in Russia. In aviation, for example, jets have replaced propeller planes. We have produced several generations of supersonic military airplanes, airplanes capable of hovering, and stealth airplanes. Notable in space technology is the replacement of one-shot vehicles by multiple-use vehicles. Work is underway on self-guiding systems in artillery. The production of the first nuclear power plant gave birth to a new industry. In railroad transportation, trains now run at the speed of the first airplanes: the R-200 train is capable of speeds of 200 km/h. Trains that ride on an air cushion have appeared. In manufacturing, numerically controlled machine tools are replacing such venerated predecessors as the DIP machine tool. The capacity of road vehicles has increased. The navy has nuclear-powered ships. New nuclear submarines are capable of round-the-world trips.