Abstract
In the search for new substitutes to the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) in oenology, a new line of research based on nanotechnology has been launched. Within this line, this paper evaluates the suitability of two new biocompatible silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to control microbial growth in wine as well as their stability and potential risks at intestinal level. Antimicrobial activities against spoilage wine microorganisms were carried out in both culture media and wines. In addition, in vitro simulations (static and dynamic) were conducted to monitor the passage of Ag-NPs through the buco-gastrointestinal tract and also to assess their effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells. Both Ag-NPs proved to be highly efficient for the control of wine undesirable bacteria in culture media and microvinification assays, and to a lesser extent, for reducing Brettanomyces populations in wine. Furthermore, undigested Ag-NPs as their corresponding digests after gastrointestinal simulation were not toxic to intestinal microbiota either epithelial cells, at least at the conditions used in these experiments.
Highlights
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most efficient additives used in winemaking due to its two important roles
This paper evaluates the suitability of two new biocompatible silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to control microbial growth in wine as well as their stability and potential risks at intestinal level
In vitro simulations were conducted to monitor the passage of Ag-NPs through the buco-gastrointestinal tract and to assess their effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells. Both Ag-NPs proved to be highly efficient for the control of wine undesirable bacteria in culture media and microvinification assays, and to a lesser extent, for reducing Brettanomyces populations in wine
Summary
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the most efficient additives used in winemaking due to its two important roles. Several studies have reported that high exposures to this additive can produce organoleptic alterations in the final product and can cause health adverse effects in sensitive people [1]. Recent proposed alternatives include the addition of “natural antimicrobial agents” such as bacteriocins, lysozyme and polyphenols as well as the application of physical methods, such as pulsed electric field, ultrasound, ultraviolet radiation, low electric current and high pressure [2, 3]. Another potential alternative to the use of SO2 are silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) [3, 4]
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