Abstract
This article describes the results of an Arctic expedition studying the new giant gas blowout crater in the north of Western Siberia, in the central part of the Yamal Peninsula in 2020. It was named C17 in the geoinformation system “Arctic and the World Ocean” created by the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (OGRI RAS). On the basis of remote sensing, it can be seen that the formation of the crater C17 was preceded by a long-term growth of the perennial heaving mound (PHM) on the surface of the third marine terrace. Based on the interpretation of satellite images, it was substantiated that the crater C17 was formed in the period 15 May–9 June 2020. For the first time, as a result of aerial photography from inside the crater with a UAV, a 3D model of the crater and a giant cavity in the ground ice, formed during its thawing from below, was built. The accumulation of gas, the pressure rise and the development of gas-dynamic processes in the cavity led to the growth of the PHM, and the explosion and formation of the crater.
Highlights
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the issues of greenhouse gas emissions and continuing global warming, most strongly affecting the Arctic [1,2,3]
Warming in the Arctic is causing the degradation of permafrost, which intensifies gas emissions into the atmosphere facilitating the process of climate change
remote sensing (RS) data from various satellites in space (Table 1) and the results of aerial photography from helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used in this study
Summary
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the issues of greenhouse gas emissions (mainly carbon dioxide and methane) and continuing global warming, most strongly affecting the Arctic [1,2,3]. Warming in the Arctic is causing the degradation of permafrost, which intensifies gas emissions into the atmosphere facilitating the process of climate change. Despite the fact that these studies were mainly local in nature, it was noted that the distinctive features of these lakes were the transparency of the water to depths of 3–4 m and its greenish blue color in summer [53,54,55]
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