New capabilities of regulation of antitumor immune response

Abstract

The tumor has different mechanisms capable of destroying the immunological protection. Population of regulatory cells, along with other factors provide “escape” of the tumor from immune surveillance. In our laboratory, we studied the features of quantitative changes of some subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in primary operable breast cancer (BC) and melanoma at different stages of tumor growth and in the process of tumor therapy. In 94.5% of patients with breast cancer were found to increase compared to the control amount of NKT-cells with the phenotype CD45+CD3+ CD16+CD56+, 78% increase in number of CD8+CD28– T-cells, and 20.5% increase in the number of patients Regulatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells. Was found to depend on changes in the number of these cells from the stage of the disease. Patients with stage I and II disease there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of CD8+CD28– T–cells and CD45+CD3+ CD16+CD56+ NKT-cells compared to the donor. At the same time in patients with stage III the number of cells of both populations declined and did not differ from the norm. Such dynamics of quantitative changes were typical for the main populations of effector cells antitumor immunity. In the evaluation of patients with disseminated melanoma was found that no increase in the number of cytotoxic CD45+CD8+CD11b+ T cells in the treatment dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) appears to be an indication to stop vaccine therapy, initially increased amount of CD3+CD8+CD16+. NKT-cells may serve as grounds for refusal of DCV. A brief description of the major co-receptor inhibitor of T-cells, and monoclonal antibodies that block the inhibitory molecule on immune and tumor cells in order to increase the efficiency of anti-tumor immune response. Encouraging clinical results have been obtained by using anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) monoclonal antibodies.