Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and strong problem in the diagnosis of which based on measurement of BUN and serum creatinine. These traditional methods are not sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of AKI. AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients and a quick detection is impossible with BUN and serum creatinine. A number of serum and urinary proteins have been identified that may messenger AKI prior to a rise in BUN and serum creatinine. New biomarkers of AKI, including NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin-C, IL-18, and L-FABP, are more favourable tests than creatinine which have been identified and studied in several experimental and clinical training. This paper will discuss some of these new biomarkers and their potential as useful signs of AKI. We searched the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE with acute kidney injury, urine, and serum new biomarkers and the articles were selected only from publication types in English.
Highlights
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common and signi cant problem in the last decade [1]
E described notions have led to a consensus de nitions of AKI by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative. ese RIFLE criteria have been broadly supported with minor modi cations by the acute kidney injury network (AKIN) [5, 6], and both de nitions have been validated in thousands of patients [7]. e
AKIN group attempted to increase the sensitivity of the RIFLE criteria by recommending that a smaller change in serum creatinine (0.3 mg/dL) be used as a threshold to de ne the presence of AKI and identify patients with stage 1 AKI (RIFLE-Risk) [8]
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common and signi cant problem in the last decade [1]. Ese animal studies demonstrated that NGAL may represent an early, sensitive, and noninvasive urinary biomarker for ischemic and nephrotoxic kidney injury. Urinary and serum NGAL were demonstrated to be sensitive, speci c, and highly predictive early biomarkers of AKI in children a er cardiac surgery [17].
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