New best estimates for radionuclide solid–liquid distribution coefficients in soils. Part 2. Naturally occurring radionuclides

Abstract

Predicting the transfer of radionuclides in the environment for normal release, accidental, disposal or remediation scenarios in order to assess exposure requires the availability of an important number of generic parameter values. One of the key parameters in environmental assessment is the solid liquid distribution coefficient, K d, which is used to predict radionuclide–soil interaction and subsequent radionuclide transport in the soil column. This article presents a review of K d values for uranium, radium, lead, polonium and thorium based on an extensive literature survey, including recent publications. The K d estimates were presented per soil groups defined by their texture and organic matter content (Sand, Loam, Clay and Organic), although the texture class seemed not to significantly affect K d. Where relevant, other K d classification systems are proposed and correlations with soil parameters are highlighted. The K d values obtained in this compilation are compared with earlier review data.