Abstract
Blood pressure instability is the most frequent complication of haemodia-lysis treatments. Individualised control of fluid removal, taking into account impaired physiological responses, is the key to improved stability. Heart rate and the function of the arterial vessels can be identified using a two model approach. An inverted heart model has been used to estimate venous pressure from cardiac output. A model of the closed circulatory system has facilitated the analysis of arterial and venous resistance in 12 patients. Both resistances were found to increase, reaching physiological levels only after heavy fluid reduction.
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